MYOCARDIAL METABOLISM
The heart uses ATP, created by metabolism of carbohydrates or fatty acids, to derive energy for contraction and electrical activity. Energy for electrical activity is minimal compared to that required for contraction. Stored energy reserves are scarce, and the heart must continually have a source of energy in order to function. The principal oxidative substrate for ATP production is fatty acid, but if it is not available, a variety of carbohydrates can be used. Myocardial metabolism is aerobic, and a constant supply of oxygen must be available. The heart, unlike skeletal muscle, is unable to acquire an “oxygen debt” because of its inability to utilize anaerobic metabolism.
- NONMEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF ANGINA PECTORIS
- Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
- Visceral Angiography
- ACUTE RENAL INSUFFICIENCY
- Focal Glomerular Sclerosis (FQS)
- Treatment
- NORMAL ESOPHAGEAL PHYSIOLOGY
- Uremic Osteodystrophy
- BRORICHODILATORS
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
- CONTROL OF BREATHING IN DISEASE STATES
- MISCELLANEOUS AORTIC DISEASE
- Hematuria
- SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH
- GAS TRANSFER
- GRANULOMATOUS LIVER DISEASE
- GASTRITIS
- TRAMSPLATTTATION
- Screening and Prevention
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
- Renal Biopsy and Other Diagnostic Tests
- MOXIOUS GASES AflD FUMES
- Clinical Manifestations
- ARRHYTHMIAS in ACUTE MYOCARDIAL MFARCTION
- DISEASES OF THE ESOPHAGUS
- Renal Glycosuria
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF MALABSORPTION
- LIVER ABSCESS
- CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
- PHYSIOLOGY OF THE CORONARY CIRCULATION
- CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS
- Bretylium Tosylate
- Chronic Interstitial Nephritis
- EFFECTS OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION ON PULMONARY FUNCTION
- RISK FACTORS