Hepatorenal Syndrome
Serious liver disease from any cause may be complicated by a form of renal’ failure termed the hepatorenal syndrome. It almost invariably occurs in the presence of severe ascites. Typically, the kidneys are histologically normal, with the capacity of regaining normal function in the event of a recovery of liver function. The renal dysfunction is characterized by oliguria, low urine sodium (<10 mEq/L), and azotemia.
The hepatorenal syndrome is usually progressive and fatal. It should only be diagnosed after plasma volume depletion (a common cause of reversible, prerenal azotemia in patients with cirrhosis, particularly with diuretic use) and other forms of acute renal injury have been ruled out.
- LIVER BIOPSY
- ACID-PEPTIC DISEASE
- MYOCARDIAL DISEASE - MYOCARDITIS
- PERICARDIAL EFFUSIOH
- PROSTHETIC VALVES
- Renal Artery Occlusion
- Diagnosis
- CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
- CLINICAL TESTS OF DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION
- MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF ANGINA
- Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
- VARIATiT ANGINA
- CHARACTERISTICS OF ABDOMINAL PAIN
- Liddle’s Syndrome
- PATHOLOGY
- DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES AND THEIR INDICATIONS - IMAGING PROCEDURES
- Phosphate Balance
- Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)
- GRANULOMATOUS LIVER DISEASE
- RHEUMATIC FEVER
- PULMOIIARY FUNCTION EVALUATION
- NONRESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS OF THE LUNG
- Clinical Manifestations
- CLINICAL PRESENTATION
- ARTERIOSCLEROSIS OBLITERANS
- LIMITATION OF MFARCT SIZE
- ORIGIN OF ABDOMINAL PAIN
- Diagnosis
- Nephrotic Glomerulopathies
- Hepatic Encephalopathy
- OTHER ESOPHAGEAL DISORDERS
- MEDIASTINITIS
- PERIPHERAL ANEURYSMS AMD FISTULAE
- NONPHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY OF TACHYARRHYTHMIAS
- TREATMENT OF MALABSORPTION