Hepatorenal Syndrome
Serious liver disease from any cause may be complicated by a form of renal’ failure termed the hepatorenal syndrome. It almost invariably occurs in the presence of severe ascites. Typically, the kidneys are histologically normal, with the capacity of regaining normal function in the event of a recovery of liver function. The renal dysfunction is characterized by oliguria, low urine sodium (<10 mEq/L), and azotemia.
The hepatorenal syndrome is usually progressive and fatal. It should only be diagnosed after plasma volume depletion (a common cause of reversible, prerenal azotemia in patients with cirrhosis, particularly with diuretic use) and other forms of acute renal injury have been ruled out.
- GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE
- THE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME
- PULMONARY HEART DISEASE
- MYOCARDIAL DISEASE - MYOCARDITIS
- THE BLOOD VESSELS STRUCTURE
- THE APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE
- TESTS OF HEPATIC FUNCTION
- The Fanconi Syndrome
- Hepatic Encephalopathy
- RESPIRATORY CONTROL CENTERS
- AORTIC ARTERITIS
- OTHER THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES
- Definition
- TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS
- PLEURAL DISEASE
- Renal Biopsy and Other Diagnostic Tests
- Tocainide
- Blood Chemistries
- NONATHEROSCLEROTIC CAUSES OF CORONARY ARTERY OBSTRUCTION
- CHEST WALL DISEASE
- PNEUMOTHORAX
- GENERAL MANAGEMENT OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
- Diet
- COMPLICATIONS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
- ADAPTATION TO NEPHRON LOSS
- Ovarian Cancer
- TREATMENT OF MALABSORPTION
- Proteinuria
- Potassium Homeostasis
- Uremic Osteodystrophy
- Neurologic Manifestations
- PERIPHERAL VENOUS DISEASE
- BROliCHIECTASIS
- SMOKE INHALATION
- SCREENING TESTS OF HEPATOBILIARY DISEASE